39 min 32 sec

How Should We Live?: Great Ideas from the Past for Everyday Life

By Roman Krznaric

Explore the lost wisdom of human history to solve modern dilemmas. This guide reveals how the habits of our ancestors can help us find purpose in work, love, and our daily lives.

Table of Content

Have you ever felt that modern life is a bit like a high-speed train that you can’t quite step off? We are surrounded by incredible technology, a dizzying array of career choices, and more information than any human generation has ever possessed. Yet, despite all this progress, many of us feel a persistent sense of disconnection. We struggle with burnout, we find our relationships strained by digital distractions, and we often feel like we are just going through the motions. What if the answers to our most pressing personal questions aren’t found in the next big app or scientific breakthrough, but in the dust of the past?

In our current culture, we tend to view history as a collection of dates, wars, and the names of powerful kings and queens. We look at it from a distance, as if it’s a closed book. But there is another kind of history—a history of the way people actually lived. How did they love? How did they spend their time? What did they think about their work and their neighbors? When we start to uncover these stories, we find that our ancestors were experimenting with the very same problems we face today, and in many cases, they found solutions that were more balanced and fulfilling than our own.

Roman Krznaric, a social philosopher who helped found the School of Life, suggests that we treat history as a vast museum of living. Within its walls are templates for every aspect of our existence. By stepping back through time, we can gain the perspective needed to realize that the way we live now isn’t ‘natural’ or ‘inevitable.’ It is simply a collection of habits and social conventions that have formed over centuries. And if we don’t like those habits, we have the power to change them. This exploration is not about being nostalgic or wanting to live in a world without modern medicine or indoor plumbing. Instead, it’s about cherry-picking the best ideas from the past three thousand years and weaving them into the fabric of our contemporary lives. Over the next few sections, we will journey through the history of love, family, work, and time to see how the wisdom of our predecessors can help us create a richer, more intentional future.

Discover why the modern search for a single soulmate often leads to disappointment and how the ancient Greeks approached relationships with much more variety.

Explore the surprising origins of the word husband and how the Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed how families interact at the dinner table.

Challenge the idea that humans are naturally selfish by looking at the evolution of our social brains and the radical acts of empathy that changed history.

Learn how the Industrial Revolution eroded our job satisfaction and how we can rediscover meaning by adopting the mindset of a Renaissance polymath.

Trace the history of how time went from a natural cycle to a controlled commodity and discover how the Vikings can teach us to think long-term.

Uncover the origins of our shopping habits and how a nineteenth-century philosopher proved that living simply can actually make you wealthier.

Challenge the idea that we only have five senses and learn how our reliance on vision has potentially dulled our experience of the world.

Discover how the modern travel industry has sanitized our journeys and how four historical archetypes can help you travel with more intention.

Trace our changing relationship with nature—from a place of fear to a commercial resource—and learn why we have a biological need to reconnect with the wild.

Discover how much of what you believe is actually just a ‘hand-me-down’ from your upbringing and how to find your own moral compass.

See how the concept of ‘genius’ made us think we aren’t creative and how the Arts and Crafts movement can help us rediscover the joy of making.

Break the modern taboo around death by exploring how medieval societies used the ‘memento mori’ to cherish every moment of their existence.

As we have seen throughout this journey, history is far more than a collection of dusty records and ancient names. It is a vibrant, living laboratory of human experience that offers us a wealth of alternatives to the way we live now. We have seen how the ancient Greeks can teach us to broaden our definition of love, how the Industrial Revolution reshaped our families and our work, and how the ‘genius myth’ of the Renaissance may have stifled our own natural creativity. We have explored the way our sense of time has been commodified and how our connection to the natural world has been strained, yet we have also found templates for reclaiming our freedom and our well-being.

The throughline of all these ideas is that we do not have to be passive recipients of the culture we were born into. We are the heirs to three thousand years of human experimentation, and we have the right to choose which of those experiments we want to continue. As the philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe once said, ‘He who cannot draw on three thousand years of history is living from hand to mouth.’ When we ignore the past, we are forced to reinvent the wheel, often making the same mistakes over and over again. But when we look back with an open mind, we find that the ‘art of living’ has already been practiced in countless beautiful and effective ways.

So, what is the next step? The most important takeaway is to start looking at your own life through a historical lens. When you find yourself feeling stressed by the clock, remember the peasants who hibernated in winter. When you feel the pressure to buy something new, think of Thoreau at Walden Pond. When you feel disconnected from your partner, remember the six types of Greek love. The actionable advice is simple: swim against the social tide. Scrutinize the ‘traditional’ roles and habits you have inherited and be brave enough to try something different. Whether it’s reclaiming the dinner table for conversation, taking up a craft with your hands, or simply spending more time in the woods, you have the power to create a life that is not just modern, but truly human. History is not just where we came from; it is a guide for where we can go. Use it wisely, and you might just find that the best way to live a better future is to embrace the best of our shared past.

About this book

What is this book about?

How Should We Live? is a fascinating investigation into the history of human experience, designed to help us navigate the complexities of the twenty-first century. Rather than looking forward for technological solutions to our problems, social philosopher Roman Krznaric invites us to look backward. He examines the everyday lives of ordinary people from the past to find templates for how we might handle money, family, time, and even our own mortality. The book promises a radical shift in perspective. It challenges the modern obsession with productivity and consumerism by contrasting our lives with those of ancient Greeks, Renaissance polymaths, and nineteenth-century peasants. By understanding the historical roots of our current anxieties, we can break free from unhelpful social conventions and build a more meaningful existence based on timeless human truths. This summary provides a roadmap for using history as a practical toolkit for personal transformation and social change.

Book Information

Rating:

Genra:

History, Mental Health & Wellbeing, Philosophy

Topics:

Anxiety, History, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Stress

Publisher:

BlueBridge

Language:

English

Publishing date:

July 14, 2015

Lenght:

39 min 32 sec

About the Author

Roman Krznaric

Roman Krznaric is a renowned social philosopher and author who explores how history can inform our daily lives. He is the cofounder, along with Alain de Botton, of The School of Life, in London. Additionally, he has shared his expertise by teaching sociology and politics at both Cambridge University and City University London.

More from Roman Krznaric

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.5

Overall score based on 66 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find the book accessible and intellectually stimulating. They value its perceptive observations, with one listener highlighting how it merges historical context with the present to suggest ways of enhancing daily life without added pressure.

Top reviews

Sirichai

The idea of raiding history like a treasure chest for modern problems is just genius. Krznaric manages to weave together the lives of figures like Tolstoy and Thoreau into a narrative that feels remarkably relevant to our current burnout-prone society. It’s a refreshing departure from the typical 'hustle' culture advice because it asks us to look backward to find a way forward. I found myself scribbling notes in the margins of the travel chapter, rethinking how I approach my own vacations. Instead of just checking off tourist sites, I'm now much more interested in the idea of being a 'pilgrim' or an explorer. The prose is light and approachable, never feeling like a dusty textbook despite the weight of the philosophy it carries. Truly, this book helped illuminate my perspective every few pages. It is the kind of reading experience that makes you want to sit down and completely overhaul your daily routines for the better.

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Tum

Picked this up during a long layover and found myself completely absorbed by the section on sensory perception. We live in such a visual-heavy world, and the author’s argument about the 'tyranny of the eye' really hit home for me. He encourages us to develop our other senses—to taste, smell, and touch the world with more intention. It sounds simple, but when you look at how people lived before the digital age, it’s a radical shift. The book is elegantly compiled and manages to be both intellectual and deeply emotional. I especially loved the discussion on the six types of Greek love, which made me realize I’ve been putting way too much pressure on my partner to be my 'everything.' Expanding my emotional needs across different friendships has already made a huge difference in my mental health. This is a brilliant, bold thrust into a new way of thinking about fulfillment.

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Suda

What if our ancestors actually had a better handle on happiness than we do? This is the central question of Krznaric's book, and he answers it with a series of fascinating essays on everything from love to death. I was particularly moved by the chapter on empathy and how it’s an evolved trait meant to help us build communities. In an era of extreme polarization, looking at historical templates for social action felt incredibly timely. The author has a gift for making complex philosophical ideas feel approachable and even urgent. I devoured the chapters on Orwell and Wollstonecraft, feeling inspired by their 'experiments' in living. This book helped illuminate my mind and encouraged me to start my own experiments in how I spend my time and money. It’s an essential read for anyone who wants to live a richer, more deliberate life. Highly recommended for fans of history and philosophy alike.

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Penelope

Ever wonder why we're so obsessed with the clock and the constant pressure to be productive? Krznaric dives deep into the Industrial Revolution to show us that our current 'time is money' mindset is actually a very recent, and arguably toxic, invention. Frankly, the section on work was a total eye-opener for me, especially the distinction between being a specialist and a polymath. I never realized that the Renaissance ideal of a 'wide achiever' was something we could still aspire to today. While I felt a few of the chapters on relationships dragged a bit, the overall 'lifestyle philosophy' being presented here is incredibly compelling. It’s about questioning the unquestioned premises of modern life—like the idea that more is always better. To be fair, it’s a lot to process, but the author makes it easy to digest. This is a solid pick for anyone who feels like they’re just going through the motions of adulthood.

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Rosa

Look, I usually avoid the self-help aisle like the plague because it's mostly empty platitudes and 'grind' sets. This book is different because it uses the annals of history to ground its suggestions in something real. Krznaric is a historian first, and it shows in how he explores the evolution of empathy and creativity. I was particularly struck by the idea that we’ve co-opted creativity into a shopping opportunity rather than a personal expression. Why do we buy costumes instead of making them? Why is singing in public relegated to karaoke machines? The book challenges you to be brave enough to attack your own convictions. My only minor gripe is that the focus is very much on Western civilization, and I would have loved to see more Eastern perspectives included. Still, it’s a thought-provoking read that stays with you long after you close the cover. It’s a very accessible way to engage with big philosophical questions.

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Rafael

As someone who struggles with chronic burnout, the chapter on 'wide achievers' was a total revelation. We are taught from a young age that we have to specialize to be successful, but Krznaric argues that being a generalist—like the polymaths of the Renaissance—is actually more fulfilling. The book is packed with these kinds of counterintuitive insights that make you question your daily grind. I loved the section on simple living and Thoreau, even if it was a bit romanticized. The truth is, we spend so much time working for things we don’t need, and this book gives you the historical permission to just... stop. The writing is clear and the chapters are short enough to read one a day, which I found helpful for actually absorbing the lessons. It’s a very practical guide to history that doesn’t feel like a chore to read. I’m definitely going to keep this on my shelf for a reread.

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Rotjanee

Truth is, I bought this because of the cover, but I stayed for the brilliant insights on how we perceive the world. The discussion on 'inner senses' from medieval science—like imagination and memory—was something I’d never considered before. It’s amazing how much we’ve lost by narrowing our focus down to just the five basic senses. Krznaric writes with a gentle, encouraging tone that makes you feel like you’re having a conversation with a very smart friend. Some of the sections on consumerism felt a little repetitive if you've read much on the subject, but the historical context he provides (like the opening of the first department store in Paris) adds a nice layer of depth. It’s a readable, insightful book that offers plenty of ideas for improving your daily life without any of the typical self-help strain. It’s a solid 4-star read that I’ve already recommended to several friends.

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Roongsak

Finally got around to finishing this 'Wonderbox' of a book and it really is a slow-burn masterpiece. It’s not a book you want to rush through; you need to give yourself headspace for contemplation, much like the author suggests for travel. Krznaric does a great job of showing how many of our 'natural' social conventions are actually just historical hangovers from the Industrial Revolution. Personally, I found the chapter on creativity the most useful, as it helped me get over the idea that you need to be a 'genius' to produce something meaningful. The book is very well-written and elegant, though I did find some of the anecdotes about Viking warriors or medieval monks a bit far-removed from reality. Regardless, the core message—that we can choose a different way to live by looking at the past—is powerful. It’s a great mix of history, philosophy, and practical lifestyle advice.

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Ana

Not every chapter hit the mark for me, but Krznaric definitely makes you pause and reflect on your life choices. I struggled a bit with the 'deathstyle' section; while I appreciate the attempt to bring mortality into the light, it felt a little too 'goth' for my personal taste. That said, the historical anecdotes are fascinating and well-researched. The book functions like a 'Wonderbox' of ideas, which is its UK title and honestly feels more fitting. Some of the leaps from historical events to personal behavioral changes felt a bit tenuous at times, as if the author was trying too hard to make history justify his specific advice. However, the writing style is very readable and the tone is never preachy. If you’re looking for a quick fix, this isn’t it, but it’s a decent starting point for some serious self-reflection. I’d recommend it for the history bits alone, even if the life advice doesn't always stick.

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Pisit

To be fair, the historical parallels felt a bit stretched in places throughout the narrative. While I enjoyed learning about the history of the mechanical clock and the origins of the word 'husband,' I didn't see how a medieval peasant's life really helps me navigate a 21st-century office job. The author tries to build a bridge between the past and the present, but often it feels like he's just cherry-picking cool stories to support his own 'lifestyle philosophy.' In my experience, history doesn't work as a neat instruction manual for personal happiness. The prose is fine, and the tone is pleasant enough, but I found myself disagreeing with the core premise more often than not. It’s a readable book, and certainly not the worst thing I've picked up this year, but it didn't offer the 'Rosetta Stone' for living that I was hoping for. It felt a bit like a collection of interesting trivia masquerading as deep wisdom.

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